12.6. Related systems
Warning
In no specific order, not endorsed, likely incomplete, incorrect and outdated!
12.6.1. Commercial
12.6.1.1. RAMIS
Medtronic: Hugo RAS
https://www.medtronic.com/covidien/en-au/robotic-assisted-surgery/hugo-ras-system.html
https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/medtronic-robotic-assisted-surgery
Location: USA
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Wheeled separate patient side manipulators, physical RCM. Surgeon’s side controllers similar to daVinci (7-dofs, cartesian), flat panel display
Medicaroid: Hinotori
Location: Kobe, Japan
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Four patient side manipulators, software RCM, mounted on single serial robot for positioning. Surgeon’s side with fixed stereo display (ala HMD), two 7-dofs haptic arms (similar to daVinci)
CMR Surgical: Versius
Location: Cambridge, UK
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Wheeled separate patient side manipulators, software RCM. Surgeon’s side controllers in cartesian space, flat panel display and stereo glasses
SSII: Mantra
Location: Gurugram, Haryana, India
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Up to 5 patient side manipulators on separate wheeled-cart, physical RCM. Surgeon’s side with 3D flat panel and glasses, 7-dof haptic arms?
Cornerstone Robotics: Sentire
https://www.linkedin.com/company/cornerstone-robotics-limited/
Location: Hong Kong
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Similar to daVinci X
Moon surgical: Maestro
Location: Paris, France/ San Carlos, California, USA
Type: RAMIS, collaborative control (and autonomous)
Notes: ScoPilot (similar to AESOP) assistant holding endoscope for manual surgery
Vicarious Surgical Inc
Location: Waltham, Massachussets, USA
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Surgeon’s side controllers in cartesian space (off-the-shelf ForceDimension?), flat panel display. Patient side single port, two manipulators, folded stereo camera
Asensus Surgical: Senhance, LUNA
Location: Durham, North Carolina, USA
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Wheeled separate patient side manipulators, software RCM. Senhance had surgeon’s side manipulator emulate laparoscopic instruments (not cartesian). LUNA seems use free hand system (optical or magnetic tracking?), flat panel display
Titan Medical: Enos
Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Type: RAMIS
Notes: Surgeon’s side controllers in cartesian space (off-the-shelf ForceDimension?), flat panel display. Patient side single port, two manipulators, articulated stereo camera
Johnson & Johnson: Ottava
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Table-mounted separate patient side serial manipulators, software RCM Based on snapshots, stereo display with eye piece (ala daVinci)
Virtuoso Surgical: Virtuoso
Location: Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Type: RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: Patient side single port, concentric tubes, mono camera. Surgeon’s side manipulator emulate laparoscopic instruments (not cartesian)
Rob Surgical: Bitrack
Barcelona, Spain
RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: up to four patient manipulators, software RCM, uses off-the-shelf instruments (no articulated wrist?). Surgeon’s side use 2 haptic devices and flat panel display
Revo Surgical: Revo-i
Seoul, South Korea
RAMIS, teleoperated
Notes: similar to da Vinci Si
12.6.1.2. Simulation
Surgical Science: FlexVR
Location: Göteborg, Sweden
Type: RAMIS simulator
12.6.1.3. Haptic systems
ForceDimension: Sigma, Omega
Location: Switzerland
Types: haptic devices using parallel platform for position, gripper is motorized, up to 7 dofs motorized
Haption: Virtuoso
Location: France
Types: haptic devices using serial arm, up to 6 dofs motorized
Quanser: HD2
https://www.quanser.com/products/hd2-high-definition-haptic-device
Location: Ontario, Canada
12.6.1.4. Orthopedic
Stryker:Mako
https://www.stryker.com/us/en/joint-replacement/systems/Mako_SmartRobotics_Overview.html
Type: Open orthopedic surgery, knee
Johnson & Johnson: Velys
Type: Open orthopedic surgery, knee/hip
Think Surgical: TMINI
Location: Freemont, California, USA
Type: Open orthopedic surgery, knee
12.6.1.5. Other
AcuSurgical:Luca
Location: Montpellier, France
Type: Eye surgery, teleoperated
Notes: 2 patient side manipulators
MMI: Symani
https://www.mmimicro.com/our-technology/symani-surgical-system/
Location: Jacksonville, Florida, USA
Type: Open microsurgery
Notes: 2 patient side manipulators with wrist (7 dofs), direct line of sight, free hand joysticks?
12.6.2. Research systems
RavenII
Type: RAMIS
Notes: Patient side, physical RCM, compatible with daVinci instruments. Surgeon’s side uses off-the-shelf haptic devices (ForceDimension). No camera nor display
SuPER
Type: RAMIS
Notes: daVinci S/Si instruments mounted on serial manipulator (Kinova). Surgeon’s side uses off-the-shelf haptic devices (ForceDimension). No camera nor display